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"Among all the individuals that are linked together by speech, some sort of average will be set up : all will reproduce — not exactly of course, but approximately — the same signs united with the same concepts."

Course in General Linguistics.

~Ferdinand Mongin de Saussure (26 November 1857 – 22 February 1913)

#books #linguistics

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Norbert Wiener American mathematician who established the science of cybernetics was born #OTD in 1894.

He is credited as being one of the first to theorize that all intelligent behavior was the result of feedback mechanisms, that could possibly be simulated by machines and was an important early step towards the development of modern artificial intelligence. via @wikipedia

#science #mathematics

"Just 300,000 years ago – a blink in evolutionary time – at least nine species of humans wandered the planet. Today, only our own, Homo sapiens, remains. And this raises one of the biggest questions in the story of human evolution: where did everyone else go?" theguardian.com/science/2023/n @science

"The Syriac language has, among all the Aramaic varieties, by far the largest number of terms for ‘comet’ or ‘meteor’. Is there a simple explanation for this fact?"

Stefanie Rudolf, “A great star falls”—cometology in Syriac language and literature, Journal of Semitic Studies, 2023;, fgad041, doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad041 @linguistics

Newton's own annotated copy of Principia Mathematica.

The Cambridge papers of Sir Isaac Newton, including early drafts and Newton’s annotated copies of Principia Mathematica have been added to UNESCO’s International Memory of the World Register. The chief attractions in the Cambridge collection are Newton’s own copies of the first edition of the Principia (1687), covered with his corrections, revisions and additions for the second edition.

via Cambridge University Library

#books #mathematics

On 24 November 1639, the British astronomers Jeremiah Horrocks & William Crabtree became the first observers to record a transit of Venus.
thonyc.wordpress.com/2009/11/2

"The Y-chromosomal variation in South Kazakh clans indicates their common origin in 13th–14th centuries AD, in agreement with the traditional genealogy. Though genetically there were at least three ancestral lineages instead of the traditional single ancestor."

Zhabagin, M., Sabitov, Z., Tarlykov, P. et al. The medieval Mongolian roots of Y-chromosomal lineages from South Kazakhstan. BMC Genet 21 (Suppl 1), 87 (2020). doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-008 @science

"The primary objectives of this study were to assess the paternal genetic variation in Altaian Kazakh populations and their population histories, to understand the paternal origins of Kazakhs, and to elucidate the process by which this ethnic group formed."

Dulik MC, Osipova LP, Schurr TG (2011) Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions. PLOS ONE 6(3): e17548. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0 @science

#30DayMapChallenge
Day 22: North Isn't Always Up

Using NOAA's awesome historic declination dataset, I made a simple animation. Enjoy!

"Here, we provide a comparative survey of the archaeological record of over half a millennium within the entire northern littoral of the Mediterranean, from Greece to Iberia, incorporating archaeological, archaeometric, and bioarchaeological evidence."

Iacono, F., Borgna, E., Cattani, M. et al. Establishing the Middle Sea: The Late Bronze Age of Mediterranean Europe (1700–900 BC). J Archaeol Res 30, 371–445 (2022). doi.org/10.1007/s10814-021-091 @archaeodons

"The great majority were written in the empire’s main language – Hittite. But the Hittite government’s scribes wrote around 5 per cent of them fully or partly in the languages of the empire’s minority ethnic groups – peoples like the Luwians (south-eastern Anatolians), Palaians (from part of north-west Anatolian), Hattians (central Anatolians) and Hurrians (from Syria and northern Mesopotamia)." independent.co.uk/news/science @archaeodons @linguistics

French Philosopher And Author François-Marie Arouet was born #OTD in 1694. Voltaire left his mark on his era through his literary output and political commitments. His influence on the educated classes was considerable in the decades preceding the French Revolution and in the early 19th century, but diminished thereafter with the triumph of the more religious and serious Romantic movement, to which Jean-Jacques Rousseau was closer.

Voltaire at PG:
gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/91

#books #literature

Why Europeans have less Neanderthal DNA than East Asians

Stark difference btw European hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers who began to settle Europe ~ 10kya

Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry
science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv

If you are interested in either the Norse/ Vikings or their impact on American culture, this book would be for you

medievalists.net/2023/11/new-m
#books #history #Vikings

Large rogue waves are powerful enough to split apart ships. Now, scientists are using artificial intelligence to find formulas that will predict when these marine monsters will happen. More from Phys.org: flip.it/ix34zP
#Science #Ocean #AI #Waves

"tea is one of the 5,000 most common words in modern written English.

It is similar in frequency to words like absorption, curious, foster, motivation, and sword."

- Oxford English Dictionary, online edition

@freemo The first image shows the with the system's default and the second image is without the default.

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