@freemo Then you have analogs in other domains. I read the manual for WW2 torpedo, and it has a couple of pneumatic op-amps for the steering and depth control.
Also worked at Haskel where they made pneumatic DC-DC converters, with a large and small cylinder and a mechanical valve oscillator to make it go. You can get 10K PSI from shop air that way.
A player piano has a vacuum power supply with a regulator, and a vacuum transistor at each piano key.
@medigoth Causality is not as hard as people think. The problem is you cant use correlation to get there in any reliable way (since most variables are unknowns)... But that isnt to say you cant effectively determine causality, you just lean into other tests like causality tests rather than relying on correlation alone.
In this case its simple, look at something like a granger causality test. In populations where there was a sudden rise in christianity (or racism) then look to see if the other one spiked with some time delay and if so which of the two preceded the other.
This approach isnt perfect of course, but its going to get you far closer to an accurate analysis than trying to look at correlation.
@thor also true... the idealized or simulated world is not going to get you to the end point.
@thor yea for sure
In the paper I linked you to skip to the section called "The Circuit Dual Under Reciprocal Impedance" that is the part where I show how an inductor is the dual of a capcitor
@trinsec indeed
@thor right, in the ideal world of theory we tend to ignore line resistance. However we explicitly add it in when as an EE we know it matters.
If you want to deal with a short, you will usually add a very small series resistor in there to simulate the real world resistance.
@thor sims are always going to be limited wrt their real world equivelant.
@thor So they are equivelant only in the idealized world.. in the real world you have parasitics and other concerns... so in the real world you may have a reason to prefer one over the other, but its mainly for reasons you shouldnt worry about right now.
@thor Here is a post I wrote a few years ago explaining circuit duals, I have a whole section on capacitor-inductor... I wrote it for people who have 0 EE knowledge so you should have no trouble following it start to finish (The very end gets a little advanced):
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fECh_IeFYBHoFuaw08zO2dkluZPunkP7/view?usp=sharing
@thor Here is a post I wrote a few years ago explaining circuit duals, I have a whole section on capacitor-inductor... I wrote it for people who have 0 EE knowledge so you should have no trouble following it start to finish (The very end gets a little advanced):
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fECh_IeFYBHoFuaw08zO2dkluZPunkP7/view?usp=sharing
@thor Im sure if you ran through the math it would start to make much more sense... even the equations for the two are identical just inverted.
@thor inductors are exactly the same as capacitors except everything is switched... it responds to current the same way a capacitor responds to voltage.. an inductor at 90 degrees to a capacitor is functionally equivalent to the capacitor.
They also both can store similar amounts of energy, and are both "slow" in regards to voltage or current, etc.
@thor a turbine or impeller... basically imagine a pipe with a propeller inside the pipe itself. It has weight so the propeller has momentum. If you turn off the flow of water from the pump the propellers momentum will cause it to continue to spin for a while thus causing the water to continue to flow after the pump is turned off.
Jeffrey Phillips Freeman
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