rotenotes @rotenotes@social.cleverlibre.org

[#Capitalism, according to #Deleuze and #Guattari, consists of the “conjunction” of two flows [flux]. Regarding #money, this means the #salary on the one hand, and #capital on the other. This basically coincides with #Marx’s two forms of circulation as he elaborates them in Capital: The circulation C-M-C (commodity-money-commodity) and the circulation M-C-M’ (money-circulation-money + surplus value). The #worker sells his labour (force) as a commodity with a certain value (price) (C) for money that is his salary (M), and buys food and clothes with it to survive (C). Once this money runs out, he needs to go work again, so the cycle starts over again. The #capitalist, on the other hand, invests his money (M) into the production of certain commodities (C) and in the end, once he’s sold them on the market, gets the money he invested plus a certain profit he made (M’), which he can once again reinvest in further production, so this cycle starts over as well.](https://epochemagazine.org/32/marx-and-anti-oedipus-on-desiring-ones-own-suppression/)

[“In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself, his own active functions, his life-activity, estranged labour estranges the species from man. It turns for him the life of the species [Gattungsleben] into a means of individual life. First it estranges the life of the species and individual life, and secondly it makes individual life in its abstract form the purpose of the life of the species, likewise in its abstract and estranged form.

For in the first place labour, life-activity, productive life itself, appears to man merely as a means of satisfying a need — the need to maintain the physical existence. Yet the productive life is the life of the species. It is life-engendering life. The whole character of a species its species character is contained in the character of its life-activity; and free, conscious activity is man’s species character. Life itself appears only as a means to life [Lebensmittel]” (Karl #Marx, Manuscripts, 76).](https://epochemagazine.org/32/marx-and-anti-oedipus-on-desiring-ones-own-suppression/)

Η ερώτησή μου… ήταν η πιο απλή από τις ερωτήσεις, που βρισκόταν στην ψυχή κάθε ανθρώπου από το ανόητο παιδί μέχρι τον πιο σοφό γέροντα: ήταν μια ερώτηση χωρίς απάντηση στην οποία δεν μπορεί κανείς να ζήσει, όπως είχα διαπιστώσει από την εμπειρία μου. Ήταν: «Τι θα προκύψει από αυτό που κάνω σήμερα ή θα κάνω αύριο; Τι θα έρθει από όλη μου τη ζωή;» Διαφορετικά εκφρασμένο, το ερώτημα είναι: «Γιατί να ζήσω, γιατί να επιθυμώ κάτι ή να κάνω οτιδήποτε;» Μπορεί επίσης να εκφραστεί ως εξής: «Υπάρχει κάποιο #νόημα στη ζωή μου που δεν καταστρέφει ο αναπόφευκτος #θάνατος που με περιμένει;»

[My question … was the simplest of questions, lying in the soul of every man from the foolish child to the wisest elder: it was a question without an answer to which one cannot live, as I had found by experience. It was: “What will come of what I am doing today or shall do tomorrow? What will come of my whole life?” Differently expressed, the question is: “Why should I live, why wish for anything, or do anything?” It can also be expressed thus: “Is there any #meaning in my life that the inevitable #death awaiting me does not destroy?”](https://www.themarginalian.org/2014/06/03/tolstoy-confession/)

Leo #Tolstoy

/[993b]/
1. Ἡ περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας θεωρία τῇ μὲν χαλεπὴ τῇ δὲ ῥᾳδία. σημεῖον δὲ τὸ
μήτ᾿ ἀξίως μηδένα δύνασθαι θιγεῖν αὐτῆς μήτε πάντας ἀποτυγχάνειν, ἀλλ᾿
ἕκαστον λέγειν τι περὶ τῆς φύσεως, καὶ καθ᾿ ἕνα μὲν ἢ μηθὲν ἢ μικρὸν
ἐπιβάλλειν αὐτῇ, ἐκ πάντων δὲ συναθροιζομένων γίγνεσθαί τι μέγεθος

THE investigation of the #truth is in one way hard, in another easy.
An indication of this is found in the fact that no one is able to
attain the truth adequately, while, on the other hand, we do not collectively
fail, but every one says something true about the nature of things,
and while individually we contribute little or nothing to the truth,
by the union of all a considerable amount is amassed.
[#Aristotle, #Metaphysics]

“A human being is a part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty.”

― Albert #Einstein

“People ‘have an effect upon’ one another: Not by virtue of their nature, but rather by virtue of #motivations brought forth through #mutual #understanding.”

— Edmund #Husserl, Basic Problems of Phenomenology, p. 172

Η #εργασία δεν εμφανίζεται πια τόσο πολύ σαν ενταγμένη στην παραγωγική διαδικασία, όσο αντίθετα ο άνθρωπος συμπεριφέρεται ο ίδιος σαν #επόπτης και #ρυθμιστής της παραγωγικής διαδικασίας… Προβάλλει δίπλα στην παραγωγική διαδικασία αντί να αποτελεί τον κυριότερο παράγοντα της. Σ΄ αυτή τη μεταλλαγή, σαν ο μεγάλος ακρογωνιαίος λίθος της παραγωγής και του πλούτου δεν εμφανίζεται η άμεση εργασία που εκτελεί ο ίδιος ο άνθρωπος, ούτε ο χρόνος αυτής της εργασίας, αλλά η ιδιοποίηση της γενικής παραγωγικής δύναμης του ανθρώπου, η δική του κατανόηση της φύσης και ο εξουσιασμός της διαμέσου της ύπαρξης του ανθρώπου σαν κοινωνικού σώματος – μ΄ ένα λόγο, η ανάπτυξη του #κοινωνικού #ατόμου. Η #κλοπή ξένου εργάσιμου χρόνου, όπου βασίζεται ο σημερινός πλούτος, παρουσιάζεται σαν μίζερη βάση μπροστά σ’ αυτή τη νέα βάση που δημιούργησε και ανάπτυξε η ίδια η μεγάλη βιομηχανία.

— #Μαρξ: Βασικές γραμμές…(#Grundrisse), τετράδιο VII, 3, σελ. 538

"No #morality can be founded on #authority, even if the authority were #divine."

— A. J. #Ayer, Essay on #Humanism

"The end of #labor is to gain #leisure. The aim of #education is the #wise use of leisure."

— #Aristotle, #Nicomachean #Ethics

Be #poor! The #pious man owns nothing in this life
Save what he’s loth to own: this #mortal #body’s #strife.

— #Alexandrines of Angelus #Silesius

All of modern #philosophy springs from of #Descartes’ #Meditations. Let us transform this historical proposition into a substantive one: Every genuine beginning of philosophy springs from meditation, from the experience of solitary self-reflection. When it is rooted in its origins, an #autonomous philosophy (and we live in the age when humanity has awakened to its autonomy) becomes the #solitary and #radical #self-responsibility of the one who is philosophizing. Only in solitude and meditation does one become a philosopher; only in this way is philosophy born in us, emerging of necessity from within us. What others and the #tradition accept as knowledge and scientific foundations is what I, as an autonomous ego, must pursue to its ultimate grounding, and I must do so exclusively in terms of my own sense of its #evidentness. This ultimate grounding must be immediately and apodictically evident. Only in this way can I be absolutely #responsible; only thus can I #justify matters absolutely. Therefore I must let no previous judgment, no matter how indisputable it may seem to be, go unquestioned and ungrounded.

— Edmund #Husserl, PHENOMENOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, June, 1931

#Communism - "an association in which the free development of each [individual] is the condition for the free development of all."

— #Marx & #Engels, Manifesto (1848)

"The #spirit and in fact only the spirit is a being in itself and for itself; it is #autonomous and is capable of being handled in a genuinely #rational, genuinely and thoroughly #scientific way only in this autonomy."

— Edmund #Husserl, Philosophy and the Crisis of European Man

All #punishment is mischief. All punishment of itself is evil.

— Jeremy #Bentham, Principles of #Morals and #Legislation —

“Every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.”

— Albert #Einstein

"Never will I seek nor receive private, individual salvation; never will I enter into final peace alone; but forever, and everywhere, will I live and strive for the redemption of every creature throughout the world."

— Kwan-Yin

"Στην #αναρχία δε θα φτάσουμε ούτε σήμερα, ούτε αύριο, ούτε ποτέ. Στην αναρχία θα πορευόμαστε σήμερα, αύριο και για πάντα."

— Errico #Malatesta

"#Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established , an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence."

— Friedrich #Engels & Karl #Marx - The German Ideology, 1845

Σήμερα η αναρχία είναι θυμός, θανάσιμο μίσος και αιώνιος πόλεμος ενάντια σε όλους τους καταπιεστές και τους εκμεταλλευτές που υπάρχουν πάνω στη γη• είναι η απαράγραπτη διεκδίκηση των καταπιεσμένων, είναι το σύμφωνο συμμαχίας τους, η πολεμική κραυγή τους˗ ανελέητος πόλεμος όσο στη γη θα υπάρχει ακόμα έστω και ένα αφεντικό, έστω και ένας εκμεταλλευτής. Αναρχία σημαίνει ακατάπαυστη, αδιάκοπη εξέγερση, ενάντια σε κάθε κατεστημένη τάξη• πόλεμος ενάντια σε κάθε κρατική αρχή, που διεξάγεται με όλους τους δυνατούς τρόπους και με όλες τις δυνατές μορφές: με το γραπτό λόγο και κάθε άλλο μέσο έκφρασης, με τις πράξεις περιφρόνησης και εχθρότητας και προπάντων με τα όπλα.

— Είναι από το κείμενο του Ιταλού αναρχοκομμουνιστή Κάρλο #Καφιέρο “Επανάσταση”, Αναρχία και Κομμουνισμός.