Peer-to-Peer-Based Social Networks: A Comprehensive Survey https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42979-020-00315-8

#Facebook and #twitter use centralized computing systems; therefore, the control and management of the systems lies entirely in the hands of one provider, who must be trusted to treat the data and communication traces securely.

The #fediverse that incorporates #mastodon et al. is a semi-centralized computer system where the control and management of the systems lies entirely in the hands of instance administrators.

As a zero-trust alternative, peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies promise to support end-to-end communication, uncompromising access control, anonymity and resilience against censorship and massive data leaks through misused trust.