https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-022-00106-z
@cyrilpedia, it's disappointing of course, but there are SO many open questions about the basic biology of inducing and sustaining mucosal immune responses (hey, we still have jobs 😂). Many currently licensed mucosal vaccines are live attenuated: Ag specificity/availability, distinct immune cells, stromal remodeling, etc - many things to sort out. Mucosal vaccines — fortifying the frontiers | Nature Reviews Immunology
@cyrilpedia and re why it works in mice/macaques and not in humans, this is frustrating but probably also an explanation worth pursuing. Certainly there are cross species differences but durability of mucosal immune responses is difficult to achieve in all; one thing I wonder about in this study is if *local* B and Tfh responses are transiently induced and then fade, or not induced at all.
@ImmunologyKing I think there is great work from the MacPherson group and others showing turnover of gut antibody producing cells with new stimuli - I would bet that part of the answer is not about the species difference, but lab vs real world: the very clean setting would favour low replacement simply due to the absence of continuous exposure to new pathogens/commensals. But maybe @mucida or @yilmaz could shed some light.
@ImmunologyKing @mucida @yilmaz And thanks for the link to the NRI piece :)