"Aortic aneurysms occur six times more often in men than women. But if a woman does have one, it’s more likely to burst, she’s less likely to get effective treatment and more likely to die. These outcomes are a tangle of sex (influenced by chromosomes, physiology and hormones) and gender (how we identify, behave in our environment and interact with one another). Why is our society calibrated for men so that women receive substandard medical care? And why are researchers not studying half the world’s population who are excellent at not getting aneurysms?"