'In this Brief Review, we discuss recent findings that inform the design of the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines. In the context of prior SARS-CoV-2 evolution, we discuss strategies under investigation for the induction of broadly neutralizing Abs (bNAbs) to restrict SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we examine recent evidence for the importance of mucosal immunity in restricting SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We further consider the challenges associated with these next-generation vaccine strategies, including overcoming “original antigenic sin”'
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https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article/211/10/1459/266281/Challenges-and-Prospects-in-Developing-Future-SARS