Got some good replies on a couple of channels. In summary:
To find references to a particular component (such as a transform) in a scene, click on the … for that component in the Inspector and pick 'Find Reference in Scene'.
To find GameObjects using a certain script, type the script name (without spaces) in the Hierarchy search bar.
More search features here:
https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/search-additional-searchfilters.html