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2. What do you think about St. Thomas's critique against Platonism?
One senses a certain rhyme in the course of philosophy, that the protege of Plato would inspire the man who would equal and, to credit Chesterton, overcome Augustine.
As the Hellenism of the Roman Empire began to decay, there was an upswell of popular underground religious cults. This energy flowed into the nascent Christianity and, combined with Roman persecution of the early Christians, was enough to profoundly engage the lower classes. But it took St. Augustine to forge the bonds between the Hellenic Platonism and Early Christianity; this it was that won over the intellectual elite to Christianity.
However it seems that the emergence of Islam, at the same time as the translations of Aristotle from the same, revealed the precariousness of this fault-line between popular Christianity and Augustine's Platonic interpretation.
St. Thomas' critique seems more like a recalibration of the structure of Christian thought to unify these different themes. To return to the question of Faith, it seems that Thomas was born to do this and at the perfect time for it to be accomplished. Chesterton comments, often with a hint of apology, on the fact that Aquinas' temperament or instinct was central to his success. Of this, there is little doubt - he was the man born to solve a riddle that had been developed and prepared for centuries.