"Menschen, die ihre Religion auch über andere Glaubensrichtungen stellen, also ein "exklusiveres" Glaubensverständnis haben, seien eher "privatistisch-apokalyptisch" veranlagt und anfälliger für verschwörerisches Gedankengut": https://www.muensterschezeitung.de/Lokales/Staedte/Muenster/4343587-Studie-der-Uni-Muenster-in-Corona-Krise-Zwischen-Glaube-und-Ersatz-Religion
Das passt auch zu den Ergebnissen einer Studie, der zufolge rund ein Viertel der weißen Evangelikalen in den USA an zentrale Bestandteile der QAnon Verschwörungserzählung glauben: https://religionnews.com/2021/02/11/survey-more-than-a-quarter-of-white-evangelicals-believe-core-qanon-conspiracy-theory/
@kattascha Thanks for an interesting reading. While I do not have a relevant research reference on this, my personal take is that religions and belief in conspiracy theories is probably rather independent.
The two are indeed related in that both help an individual to deal with uncertainty. That's perhaps the reason why people around you have a tendency to think that conspiratory beliefs are Ersatzreligion.
In my opinion they however differ in that religion helps to resolve the stress from uncertainty related to the relation of an individual to the world, that is, the psychology of one's relation to reality. Conspiracy theories, on the other hand, help an individual to deal with uncertainty in the nature of external physical phenomena and objects.
In other words, while the mechanics of religion and conspiratory thinking might look similar (suspension of disbelief), the root reason and the purpose of the two differs. That's why (I speculate) they can co-exist: both religious people, as well as atheists have a choice to either lean towards science or towards conspiracies when it comes to uncertainty in the physical reality.