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Sharing this (seen on birdsite) for science teacher colleagues for two reasons.
1 it would be a great starter paper for any yr12/13 journal clubs you're running next year.
2 translating these principles to educational research would be interesting, as it so often gets over-interpreted by SLT!
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010954
To add to my first point; it would work well with 'How To Read A Paper' style approaches (ref @trishgreenhalgh ?) and similar resources. When I was in the classroom I found the NHS Behind The Headlines blog to be really useful, which has for some stupid reason been retired. There's a useful guide, similar to what I used to share with students, at
https://powerfulpatients.org/2017/03/22/how-to-read-and-understand-a-scientific-paper/