"The chaebol system is a legacy of South Korea’s history. After an armistice ended the Korean War in 1953, the country’s military dictators anointed a handful of families for special loans and financial support to rebuild the economy. The companies expanded quickly and moved from industry to industry until they morphed into sprawling conglomerates.

財閥體系是韓國歷史的遺產。1953年朝鮮戰爭停戰後，韓國的軍事獨裁者指定少數家庭獲得特別貸款和財政支持，以重建經濟。這些公司迅速擴張，從一個行業轉到另一個行業，最終演變成龐大的企業集團。

Even as the companies grew in size, wealth and influence, and sold shares on stock exchanges, they remained under family control — typically run by a chairman who also presided as head of the family.

儘管規模、財富和影響力不斷擴大，並在證券交易所出售股票，這些企業卻仍處於家族控制之下——通常由族長身兼董事長之職。"

https://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20231219/chaebol-south-korea/zh-hant/dual/