"The following article provides a mathematical analysis of the paradox, explains its role in causal reasoning and inference, compares theories of what makes the paradox seem paradoxical, and surveys its applications in different domains."

Sprenger, Jan and Naftali Weinberger, "Simpson’s Paradox", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/paradox-simpson/>. #Maths #Math #Mathematics #Statistics