@newt @bonifartius >Can you imagine what a pain in the ass it is to develop and maintain a decent email client?
How is any of that a protocol issue? Frontend is always going to be substantially more development effort than firing off mail via SMTP or interacting with a remote mailbox via IMAP. The protocols could be zero effort (and in fact practically are if you use existing libraries) and it wouldn't make a dent in this.
The main draw of webmail 20 years ago was having an email service that wasn't tied to your ISP - even as recently as 4 years ago I dealt with people who kept a bad ISP deal going because they deemed it too much of a business risk to change addresses given how many printed reports had that address on them. Being able to easily access the inbox from any computer was a bonus too.
The option was always there to self-host email with one's own domain, but that was never going to cut it for many people - many of which wouldn't have a 24/7 internet-connected machine. Even for those that did, keeping them secure was non-trivial, and being compromised almost always results in being used as a spam relay, which many providers don't appreciate and will happily block you for.
I don't see how blaming the protocols makes any sense, all of the issues come down to fundamental elements of asynchronous communications between digital nomads. The infrastructure has to be there to store and serve the mail in the absence of always-connected clients, and for better or worse Google has taken up that mantle for most email users. I'm sure someone somewhere has proposed some private-messaging-over-blockchain gimmick with striking similarities to Matrix, and that's just about the only protocol-level solution I see to those requirements.
There is SMTP for sending email from user to server and between servers.
There is POP3 for downloading email.
There is IMAP, also for downloading email and more.
There is JMAP for sending and receiving email. It even has an RFC now, but only two email providers use it, despite implementation being open source and JMAP being superior in everything to IMAP+SMTP pair.
And finally, there also are proprietary abominations from Microsoft and Google. I count them as one giant piece of shit, despite them being two clearly distinct protocols. This is how much I care.
And despite all of that, I still can’t send an email. Because the recipient’s mail provider hates me.