"The paper by White, Wu, and coauthors (10) starts out noting the confusion NSV causes in patient care when persistent viremia appears in someone on ART, then goes on to characterize the virus in four people in care with NSV. Remarkably, the viral populations in all four people contained mutations in the 5′-leader, also known as the 5′ UTR. These mutations inactivated the major splice donor (MSD) site, while still allowing the production of noninfectious virus particles from clonally expanded T cells."