"Retractions, which can happen for a variety of reasons, including falsification of data, plagiarism, bad methodology, or other errors, aren’t necessarily a modern phenomenon: As Oransky wrote for Nature last year, the oldest retraction in their database is from 1756, a critique of Benjamin Franklin’s research on electricity."

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/10/why-are-so-many-studies-being-retracted/