@hackernews@die-partei.social
There are many ways to insert Trojans because there are many different types of Trojans. One type has the ability to place fixed inputs feeding into two flip-flops in such a way that the chip would still pass built-in self-test (BIST) checks. This could make bypassing a debugging security mechanism easier. A second type includes the ability to make side-channel attacks more accessible. The third type, layout-stage Trojans, can be injected at a number of points, specifically if multiple third-party IP cores are combined in a single design. In principle, a single design could fall victim to multiple Trojans created by different groups of adversaries.