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pdxpol 

Good news for ! I know people who have been working on () voting for decades. It solves the "spoiler problem" by letting you vote for the candidate you like best rather than guessing how everyone else is going to vote and weighing "lesser evil" choices.

Portland Mercury (unofficial)  
Measure to Change Portland Charter Can Stay on Ballot, Judge Rules https://www.portlandmercury.com/news/2022/08/15/45061907/measure-to-change-portl...

Overheard: "Dude, I'm clearly the Frodo and you're clearly the Sam."

@rythur I also want to comment that I dislike Niall Ferguson, particularly his political beliefs, use of counterfactual history, and unabashed defense for the British Empire.

@rythur I mean, that is still a very simplistic view that glosses over a lot of history.

To address your statement: "if a state has a will to enslave from the beginning, and systems are built in society to rely on the underclass/slave's existence, then shouldn't they need to fill this gap elsewhere, with some other set of people?"

Your logic does not consider the following:

1) Society improves technologically to improve resource extraction, thus reducing the need for a large enslaved class to fulfill this role. A classic example is the industrial revolution, which eventually developed what we would now call the middle class. Of course everyone likes to point out the cotton gin as a counter example, but in general, this idea seems to hold true.

2) Societal/political revolutions change people's perception of their current state (usually out of necessity) which can in turn elevate an underclass/slave class and/or overthrow a ruling class. The Haitian or French revolution are classic examples.

What do these two things have in common? Both are considered types of revolutions and occur outside of the state's control. Which brings me to your original toot on constitutions. Constitutions, specifically ones that can be amended democratically, allow, to borrow a phrase from my high school history teacher, "government overthrow without revolutions". Which is why I disagree with your statement that "If a constitution is made with an implied or stated slave class, then there will always be a slave class...". That is just patently untrue.

"Always" is a strong word, especially in an ever-changing world. The world does not have to be a zero-sum game, and absolutes only exist in mathematics 😉.

@rythur I feel like this is incredibly pessimistic and illustrates a kind of fatalism I strongly disagree with. The (general) purpose of amendments to a constitution is to correct historical wrongs enshrined in law. Your thesis, that you're either enslaved or free, is extreme and frankly appalling. I'd recommend you reconsider your stance.

Experimenting with some CNC engraving of @saulsch's and my Cannon-Thurston paths with
my brother Will Segerman.

Some part of our "ability" to read things from faces of other humans seems to be projection, while we intuitively think otherwise: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleshov

@christianp contrapositive...now that's a name I've not heard in a long time...

Before I actually start explaining entropy, a warning:

It can be hard to learn about entropy at first because there are many kinds - and people often don't say which one they're talking about.

Here are 5 kinds. Luckily, they are closely related!

(1/n)

The gameshow host gently explains the rules to you:

Behind one door is a Hall.
Another has a Carlo.
One contains a Python.

If you pick a door, you'll get the option to choose a different door. You can repeat this as many times as you like.

Then a foot will descend & crush you.

USPol Poll 

@jalefkowit @firewally it would be if the filibuster didn't exist...

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