"The following article provides a mathematical analysis of the paradox, explains its role in causal reasoning and inference, compares theories of what makes the paradox seem paradoxical, and surveys its applications in different domains."
Sprenger, Jan and Naftali Weinberger, "Simpson’s Paradox", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/paradox-simpson/>. #Maths #Math #Mathematics #Statistics
Born OTD 1813, John C Frémont
Frémont was the 1st Republican candidate for president, but he lost the 1856 election to James Buchanan.
Frémont is famous for the 5 expeditions he led to the West and his service in the Mexican-American and Civil Wars. He commanded the Department of the West before being fired by Lincoln for insubordination.
Being he was fired, Frémont gave Ulysses S Grant a field command, setting him on his ultimately successful path.
"Governments have put future bans on the sale of internal combustion engines, but recently we’ve seen politicians backtracking a little on the issue. Also, there are still huge infrastructure and cost challenges ahead for EVs. So, are reports about the death of the internal combustion engine a little premature?" https://youtu.be/i8iHzXHt9iw #FT #Youtube #Video #EV #Cars #ElectricVehicles #Engineering @engineering
Science’s fake-paper problem: high-profile effort will tackle paper mills
Subscribing to hashtags in Mastodon is great. Such an underappreciated feature
It's brought me a lot of fresh and good content , as well as finding fascinating users across the fediverse, right in my timeline.
If you struggle to find good follows, please consider searching for hashtags related to your interests, and following those.
Evropa recens descripta : Blaeu, Joan, 1596-1673 https://archive.org/details/dr_evropa-recens-descripta-103831329 ~via @internetarchive #Map #Maps #Atlas #Cartography #Mapstodon #History #Europe #C17th #17thCentury #EarlyModern @earlymodern
#Image credit: David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries.
My latest monthly update for greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane (*new record*), and nitrous oxide (*new record*) 🥴
Observations provided by: https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/
"This article is an attempt to characterize part of the information that circulated in this transitional period through a comparative examination of Portuguese nautical instructions and Arabic navigational treatises, focusing specifically on the stars used for latitude measurements."
Bénard Inês (2022) ‘The stars in sixteenth-century nautical literature: a comparative study’. Zenodo. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6985465 #Article #Science #STEM #History #Histodon #Histodons #HistSci #HistoryOfScience #C16th #16thCentury #EarlyModern #Academia #Academic #Academics @earlymodern @histodon @histodons
A warmer world is a more stormy, more unpredictable, and more costly world.
Have you seen today’s 2023 “billion-dollar disasters list” released by US government analysts?
The U.S. set an unwelcome record for weather and climate disasters in 2023, with 28 disasters that exceeded more than $1 billion in damage each.
Here’s a quick read (with charts) to explain more:
https://theconversation.com/2023s-billion-dollar-disasters-list-shattered-the-us-record-with-28-weather-and-climate-disasters-amid-earths-hottest-year-on-record-220634
#climatechange #environment
Holy shit I love this research paper
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/704080v1
#anthropology #anthro #academia #academicresearch #longevity
"We apply this method to ancient skeletal remains from Britain to document the first instance of mosaic Turner syndrome (45,X0/46,XX) in the ancient genetic record in an Iron Age individual sequenced to average 9-fold coverage, the earliest known incidence of an individual with a 47,XYY karyotype from the Early Medieval period, as well as individuals with Klinefelter (47,XXY) and Down syndrome (47,XY, + 21)."
Anastasiadou, K., Silva, M., Booth, T. et al. Detection of chromosomal aneuploidy in ancient genomes. Commun Biol 7, 14 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05642-z #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Science #STEM #Biology #Genetics #Ancient #DNA #Population #Genomics #PopulationGenetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #IronAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @biology
"We thus model the committed evolution of all glaciers in the European Alps up to 2050 using present-day climate conditions, assuming no future climate change. We find that the resulting committed ice loss exceeds a third of the present-day ice volume by 2050, with multi-kilometer frontal retreats for even the largest glaciers."
Cook, S. J., Jouvet, G., Millan, R., Rabatel, A., Zekollari, H., & Dussaillant, I. (2023). Committed ice loss in the European Alps until 2050 using a deep-learning-aided 3D ice-flow model with data assimilation. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL105029. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105029 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Science #STEM #Glaciers #Climate #Data #AI #Europe #ComputationalScience #ClimateChange #Environment #Artificialintelligence #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @climate
French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism Auguste Comte died #OTD in 1798.
Throughout his life, he developed a philosophical system known as positivism, based on a theory of knowledge founded on the law of three states, to propose a classification of the sciences. This classification marked the advent of social physics, called sociology from 1839 onwards. via @wikipedia
Books by Auguste Comte at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/35532
(An important reminder due to current events) #Germany Hyperinflation: 1921-1924, Deflation: 1930-1932 -
Reich Chancellor Heinrich Brüning had #wages and state salaries cut by 20% - And you know who then came to power, chart @nberpubs https://www.nber.org/papers/w24106
"This article goes beyond the aggregated analysis to explore direct and indirect economic consequences of sea level rise (SLR) at regional and sectoral levels in Europe. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model and novel datasets, we estimate the distribution of losses and gains across regions and sectors."
Cortés Arbués, I., Chatzivasileiadis, T., Ivanova, O. et al. Distribution of economic damages due to climate-driven sea-level rise across European regions and sectors. Sci Rep 14, 126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48136-y #OpenAccess #OA #Journal #Article #Sea #Economics #Europe #GDP #Climate #ClimateChange #Environment #Academia #Academic #Academics @economics @science
"Our results indicate a case of poor oral health during the Scandinavian Mesolithic, and show that pitch pieces have the potential to provide information on material use, diet and oral health."
Kırdök, E., Kashuba, N., Damlien, H. et al. Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor oral health among stone age individuals. Sci Rep 13, 22125 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48762-6 #OpenAccess #OA #Article #Science #STEM #Archaeology #Palaeoecology #Archaeodons #History #StoneAge #Mesolithic #Scandinavia #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @science
"While we detect long-term shifts in local genetic ancestry in Cambridgeshire, we find no evidence of major changes in genetic ancestry nor higher differentiation of immune loci between cohorts living before and after the Black Death."
Ruoyun Hui et al., Genetic history of Cambridgeshire before and after the Black Death. Sci. Adv. 10, eadi5903 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi5903 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Anthropology #Science #STEM #Genomics #Biology #Genetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Academia #Academic #Academics #History #Ancestry #Cambridge #BlackDeath #UK #UnitedKingdom @science @anthropology @archaeodons @biology
French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher Montesquieu was born #OTD in 1689.
He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. His anonymously published The Spirit of Law (1748), which was received well in both Great Britain and the American colonies, influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States in drafting the U.S. Constitution. via @wikipedia
British physician, natural theologian, lexicographer Peter Mark Roget was born #OTD in 1779. He is best known for publishing, in 1852, the Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, a classified collection of related words. Roget's schema of classes and their subdivisions is based on the philosophical work of Leibniz, itself following a long tradition of epistemological work starting with Aristotle. Some of Aristotle's Categories are included in Roget's first class, "abstract relations".#dictionary
Not a bot; a rather corpulent male approaching fifty years of age; married; father; a very very slow reader; barely reaching up to the level of mediocrity; an ignoramus who reads occasionally.
Toots are humanities, sciences, books and maps related. Toots or follows or boosts or mentions ≠ endorsements of any particular notion or notions. Expect many typing errors.
Addendum: for those wondering, I do not physically resemble a fountain pen.